Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine, often forming an "S" or "C" shape. For individuals grappling with the challenges and discomforts associated with this condition, scoliosis surgery may offer a path towards relief and an improved quality of life. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the purpose, procedures involved, potential risks, and benefits. 

By offering insights into the intricacies of the surgical process, we aim to empower patients with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions about their healthcare journey. Whether you're considering scoliosis surgery for yourself or a loved one, this guide is intended to serve as a valuable resource to navigate the complexities of this treatment option.

What is Scoliosis Surgery?

Scoliosis surgery is a medical procedure performed to correct abnormal curvature of the spine caused by scoliosis. The primary goal of scoliosis surgery is to straighten and stabilize the spine, relieving pressure on the spinal nerves, and improving the overall alignment and function of the spine.

Specialized instruments and techniques are then used to realign the vertebrae and correct the curvature of the spine. In some cases, metal implants such as rods, screws, or hooks may be attached to the spine to provide stability and support. 

Scoliosis surgery is typically performed by a skilled orthopedic surgeon or spine surgeon in a hospital setting under general anesthesia.

When Scoliosis Surgery Needed?

Scoliosis surgery is typically recommended for individuals who have severe scoliosis curves (45 to 50 degrees and higher). This procedure is also recommended for individuals with severe curvature to correct the spinal deformity and prevent it from worsening over time.

If certain symptoms arise, such as persistent back pain, difficulty breathing due to pressure on the lungs, or dysfunction of other internal organs, surgery may be considered to relieve these symptoms.

Surgery can help improve posture and increase mobility if scoliosis causes significant changes in body posture, affecting quality of life or daily function.

If scoliosis progresses rapidly, especially at an age of active growth, surgery may be needed to prevent further complications from spinal abnormalities.

What Happens Before Scoliosis Surgery?

Before undergoing scoliosis surgery, patients typically undergo a comprehensive evaluation and preparation process to ensure that they are physically and mentally ready for the procedure. 

The process usually begins with a consultation with an orthopedic surgeon. During this consultation, the surgeon will review the patient's medical history, conduct a physical examination, and assess imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans to evaluate the severity and characteristics of the scoliosis.

Patients may undergo several preoperative tests and screenings to assess their overall health and identify any potential risks or complications. These tests may include blood tests, urine tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and pulmonary function tests.

Patients will receive instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including fasting guidelines, medication management (such as stopping certain medications before surgery), and any specific preoperative hygiene measures to reduce the risk of infection.

Scoliosis Surgery Procedure

Before the surgery begins, the doctor will ask patients to change their clothes into a surgical gown. Then, the patient is placed under general anesthesia to ensure they are unconscious and pain-free throughout the procedure. The anesthesiologist closely monitors the patient's vital signs and administers the appropriate anesthesia medications.

For young children or teenagers, the surgical procedure is performed on the back. In certain conditions, the doctor will make a surgical incision in the curve of the lower back.

Next, the doctor will insert implants in the spine and connect them to 1-2 vertebrae to correct the position of the spine.

In adults, the surgeon makes an incision along the back over the area of the spine affected by scoliosis. The length and location of the incision may vary depending on the specifics of the case. 

After making the incision, the surgeon carefully moves the muscles and tissues aside to expose the spine. Specialized retractors may be used to maintain access to the surgical site while minimizing damage to surrounding structures.

The next step involves correcting the curvature of the spine and stabilizing it in the corrected position. This is typically achieved through a process called vertebral fusion, where the vertebrae are permanently joined together using bone grafts or synthetic materials. The surgeon may also use metal implants such as rods, screws, hooks, or wires to provide additional support and stability to the spine.

Bone grafts may be harvested from the patient's own body (autograft) or obtained from a donor (allograft). The bone graft material is placed between the vertebrae to promote fusion and stimulate the growth of new bone tissue.

Once the spine has been stabilized and the necessary corrections have been made, the surgeon carefully closes the incision site using sutures or surgical staples to protect it and promote healing.

How Long Does the Scoliosis Surgery Procedure?

The duration of scoliosis surgery can vary depending on several factors, including the surgical approach used, the complexity of the case, and any unforeseen complications that may arise during surgery. 

On average, scoliosis surgery often takes between 4-6 hours to complete. It can also be much longer if the involved area is larger.

What Are the Risks of Scoliosis Surgery?

Scoliosis surgery is a major procedure that carries certain risks and potential complications, as with any surgical intervention. 

While the overall risk of complications is relatively low, it's important for patients to be aware of these potential risks and discuss them thoroughly with their surgeon before undergoing surgery. 

• pain.
• infection.
• loss of spinal flexibility.
• nerve damage. 
• blood clots.
• bleeding.
• loss of mobility.
• implant migration.

What Can You Expect After Scoliosis Surgery?

After undergoing scoliosis surgery, patients can expect a period of recovery and rehabilitation during which they will gradually regain strength, mobility, and function. 

While the exact recovery process may vary depending on factors such as the type of surgery performed, the severity of the spinal deformity, and the individual patient's overall health, the following are some common aspects of what patients can expect after scoliosis surgery:

Most patients will need to stay in the hospital for several days following scoliosis surgery to receive postoperative care and monitoring. The length of the hospital stay will depend on factors such as the extent of the surgery, the patient's pain level, and their ability to tolerate oral intake and mobility.

As the spine heals and strength improves, patients will gradually be able to resume normal activities and return to their usual daily routines. The timeline for returning to activities will vary depending on the individual patient's progress and the recommendations of their surgical team.

How Much Scoliosis Surgery in Indonesia?

The estimated average for scoliosis surgery in Indonesia costs from IDR 150.000.000 to IDR 250.000.000.

At Bali International Hospital, The Sanur, we believe that wellness is unrivaled in healing your body, mind, and soul. Hence, as one of the centers of excellence, our hospital is committed to prioritizing your health by offering comprehensive assessments and treatments.

Our services include preventive care, early detection, diagnostics, and treatment of a wide range of bone problems with unparalleled expertise and cutting-edge medical technology right in the heart of Bali.

Enjoy the most excellent experience in medicine. Find out the details of this medical process and schedule a consultation so that you may schedule high-quality care that suits your needs.

References:

Surgical Treatment for Scoliosis - OrthoInfo - AAOS. (2024). Aaos.org. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/surgical-treatment-for-scoliosis/

Scoliosis Surgery :: Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital. (2024). Rnoh.nhs.uk. https://www.rnoh.nhs.uk/services/scoliosis/scoliosis-surgery

WebMD. (2016, November 20). What’s the Treatment for Scoliosis? WebMD; WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/treatment-for-scoliosis#1

and, A. (2024). Scoliosis Surgery: Postoperative Care. Spine-Health. https://www.spine-health.com/treatment/back-surgery/scoliosis-surgery-postoperative-care#

Verywell. (2021). What Is Scoliosis Surgery? Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/scoliosis-surgery-5192288#toc-what-to-expect-on-the-day-of-surgery